Temperature Effect on a Non-Uniform Flexoelectric Wire with Electro-Thermo-Elastic Coupling

Abstract

A one-dimensional mathematical model for temperature and force induced deformation of flexoelectric nonuniform microwires is derived from the Hamilton’s variation principle. To this end, a reformulated theory for isotropic dielectrics with flexoelectricity is employed. This non-classical theory incorporates the strain gradients, electric quadrupoles and flexoelectric effect. In order to solve the differential equations with variable coefficients, the differential quadrature method (DQM) is adopted. The effect of small-scale factor, flexoelectric material properties, microwire geometry and temperature changes on the coupled fields in stretched rods are studied.